Synopsis on assessing the efficacy of

Effectiveness depends on the specific disorder being treated and the skill of the therapist. Ways of Assessing Effectiveness The effectiveness of a particular therapeutic approach can be assessed in three ways: Client Testimonials Clients who get treatment for psychological problems often testify to their effectiveness. However, such testimonials can be unreliable for several reasons:

Overview Background Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium, S. The main strategy for controlling the morbidity caused by these diseases is preventive chemotherapy with periodic administration of single-dose anthelminthics: Significant progress has been made in the control of both schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases over the past few decades, and WHO has drawn up a roadmap to guide implementation of the policies and strategies set out in Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases WHO, aand more than 70 governments, NGOs and pharmaceutical companies committed themselves to support implementation of this roadmap in the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases on 31 January A considerable increase in the number of individuals treated with preventive chemotherapy is expected in the next few years WHO, b, c ; this may result in the development of anthelminthic resistance in the parasites targeted.

The limited number of studies in the public domain that have reported reduced efficacy of anthelminthic drugs were confounded by methodological flaws De Clercq et al.

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The most important confounding factors in studies of anthelminthic drug efficacy are listed in Annex 1. Since the publication of those guidelines, studies have provided new insight into: Objective The objective of the present document is to provide national control programmes with up-to-date guidelines on monitoring the efficacy of anthelminthic drugs administered in preventive chemotherapy programmes against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases.

Guidance is provided on when and how to assess the efficacy of anthelminthics, including detailed recommendations on indicators of efficacy, sample size, follow-up period, laboratory methods, statistical analysis and final interpretation of data collected, and also on how to respond when drug efficacy is reduced.

In addition, examples are provided of an information letter for schools, an informed consent form, standard operating procedures for all recommended laboratory methods and a form for data collection.

The method described here is for evaluating the efficacy of a single anthelminthic drug against a group of parasites.

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It is not recommended for drug combinations e.Synopsis. Measuring and reporting on the quantity of disease from environmental contamination has always been a challenge.

Recent estimates of the global burden of disease from ambient and indoor air pollution by WHO have brought added attention to the impact of other anthropogenic contamination. Individuals with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease.

Among them, many with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are unable to achieve optimal LDL-C on statins and require additional lipid-lowering therapy. In , the American College of Cardiology published the first expert consensus decision pathway (ECDP) on the role of non-statin therapies for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk.

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UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS CONFLICT RESOLUTION – Vol. II - Approaches to Conflict Resolution - Deborah F. Shmueli ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) • unequal resources, power and expertise • uncertainty Conventional dispute resolution on the international level is .

Assessment of Efficacy This should cover all important aspects of efficacy assessment. A review of the relevant literature should be carried out and copies provided of the original articles or proper references made to them. Practice guidelines provide recommendations applicable to patients with or at risk of developing CVD.

The focus is on medical practice in the United States, but guidelines developed in collaboration with other organizations can have a global impact. Although guidelines may be used to inform.